(Experiment - 1) NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

 What is NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION ? 

It states that Rate of change in momentum is directly proportional to the applied force on an object , or we can say Force is the product of mass and acceleration.

                 F = ma

MATHEMATICAL DERIVATION

F ∝ rate of change of momentum

F ∝ change in momentum / time 

let the mass of the object is to be m and initial velocity and final velocity is u , v respectively so the initial momentum and final momentum will be mu and mv respectively and so the change in momentum is mv - mv in time t .

Now,

F ∝ mv - mu / t

F ∝ m(v-u) / t

since,  we know v-u / t is equals to acceleration 'a'.

F ∝ ma

now, removing the proportionality symbol we have

 F = kma (k is the constant for ∝ )

now if the mass and acceleration are 1 then value of k is equals to 1

Therefore , F = ma                                                                         (derived)

APPLICATION OF 2nd LAW OF MOTION

1.  A  player lowers his hands while catching the ball.

If a player does not lower his hands while catching the ball, the time to stop the ball is very small. So a large force has to be applied to reduce the velocity of the ball to zero or to change in momentum of the ball.

When a player lowers his hands, the time to stop the ball increases and hence less force has to be applied to cause the same change in the momentum of the ball. Therefore, the hands of the players are not injured.

                                          

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